Two‐stage component test plans for testing the reliability of a series system

A system reliability is often evaluated by individual tests of components that constitute the system. These component test plans have advantages over complete system based tests in terms of time and cost. In this paper, we consider the series system with n components, where the lifetime of the i‐th component follows exponential distribution with parameter λ_i. Assuming test costs for the components are different, we develop an efficient algorithm to design a two‐stage component test plan that satisfies the usual probability requirements on the system reliability and in addition minimizes the maximum expected cost. For the case of prior information in the form of upper bounds on λ_i's, we use the genetic algorithm to solve the associated optimization problems which are otherwise difficult to solve using mathematical programming techniques. The two‐stage component test plans are cost effective compared to single‐stage plans developed by Rajgopal and Mazumdar. We demonstrate through several numerical examples that our approach has the potential to reduce the overall testing costs significantly. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 49: 95–116, 2002; DOI 10.1002/nav.1051     

iSIGHT在多目标优化问题中的应用研究

在工程实际中,随着设计要求的日益提高,单一的设计目标已经不能满足设计者的要求。于是多目标设计优化问题在设计领域越来越占据主导地位。目前多目标优化设计方法种类繁多,各有优劣,重点介绍优化设计框架iSIGHT,并就iSIGHT在解决鱼雷壳体结构设计中的多目标优化设计问题中的应用情况进行研究,讨论iSIGHT在解决多目标优化问题中的可行性。     

新时期高校师德建设面临的问题与对策

高等教育发展对师德建设提出的新要求，应采取适当措施探讨高校师德建设的新路径和方法。     

矩阵变换器自抗扰控制策略研究

矩阵变换器的输出电压易受各种因素的影响,为了改善输出性能,将自抗扰控制技术应用于矩阵变换器的闭环控制中。分析了自抗扰控制器的特性,提出了一种双闭环自抗扰控制策略,即电流内环与电压外环均采用一阶简化的自抗扰控制算法。仿真结果表明:该方法不仅可以有效地抑制多种扰动的影响,而且比PI控制具有更优的动静态性能,可满足高性能矩阵变换器系统的控制要求。     

一种以太网系统监控的双独立互联系统

针对现有技术对高可靠性以太网系统进行监控,具有明显的缺陷和不足之处.提出了一种由用户以太网系统和附加的平衡结构外,总线互连系统组成以太网监控的双独立互连系统.在分析了该系统结构和工作原理的基础上,对系统的可靠度和可用度进行分析计算,为系统的实现提供了重要的依据.     

基于对偶四元数的单目视觉/惯性组合导航算法

提出一种适用于结构化道路的单目视觉/惯性组合导航定位算法.针对点特征匹配和连续多帧追踪受车速和相机视野制约的不足,提取道路上车道线的直线特征,引入对偶四元数描述直线特征.在基于对偶四元数的相对位姿估计算法的基础上,推导了图像特征增量与相机位姿增量的表达式.通过配准和时间同步,用惯导系统和相机分别解算的载体速度之差作为组合导航的观测量,建立kalman滤波修正组合导航系统的误差,包括相机测速标度因数误差.车载实验结果表明在结构化道路上算法是有效的.     

Multi‐period maintenance scheduling of tree networks with minimum flow disruption

We introduce a multi‐period tree network maintenance scheduling model and investigate the effect of maintenance capacity restrictions on traffic/information flow interruptions. Network maintenance refers to activities that are performed to keep a network operational. For linear networks with uniform flow between every pair of nodes, we devise a polynomial‐time combinatorial algorithm that minimizes flow disruption. The spiral structure of the optimal maintenance schedule sheds insights into general network maintenance scheduling. The maintenance problem on linear networks with a general flow structure is strongly NP‐hard. We formulate this problem as a linear integer program, derive strong valid inequalities, and conduct a polyhedral study of the formulation. Polyhedral analysis shows that the relaxation of our linear network formulation is tight when capacities and flows are uniform. The linear network formulation is then extended to an integer program for solving the tree network maintenance scheduling problem. Preliminary computations indicate that the strengthened formulations can solve reasonably sized problems on tree networks and that the intuitions gained from the uniform flow case continue to hold in general settings. Finally, we extend the approach to directed networks and to maintenance of network nodes. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2011     

建筑外装修及外保温系统的消防安全问题及对策

建筑外部装修及外保温系统的消防安全问题日益突出,结合实际中的建筑外部装修及外保温系统现状,分析了建筑外部装修及外保温系统对消防安全的影响,分析发现建筑外部装修及外保温系统的消防安全隐患大,需要给予足够的重视,并根据实际确定了相应的对策。     

Approximating nondominated sets in continuous multiobjective optimization problems

Many important problems in Operations Research and Statistics require the computation of nondominated (or Pareto or efficient) sets. This task may be currently undertaken efficiently for discrete sets of alternatives or for continuous sets under special and fairly tight structural conditions. Under more general continuous settings, parametric characterisations of the nondominated set, for example through convex combinations of the objective functions or ε‐constrained problems, or discretizations‐based approaches, pose several problems. In this paper, the lack of a general approach to approximate the nondominated set in continuous multiobjective problems is addressed. Our simulation‐based procedure only requires to sample from the set of alternatives and check whether an alternative dominates another. Stopping rules, efficient sampling schemes, and procedures to check for dominance are proposed. A continuous approximation to the nondominated set is obtained by fitting a surface through the points of a discrete approximation, using a local (robust) regression method. Other actions like clustering and projecting points onto the frontier are required in nonconvex feasible regions and nonconnected Pareto sets. In a sense, our method may be seen as an evolutionary algorithm with a variable population size. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005.